Gournia in Crete
The name of the settlement from the time of its occupation is unknown. However, it is known that the discovered ruins date back to the Minoan period, specifically between 1550 and 1450 BCE. The excavations are an example of a well-preserved medium-sized settlement, which is why they have been called the "Pompeii of Minoan Crete." Gournia, situated on a small hill near the sea, is a bypass on the way to Ierapetra.
The first inhabitants settled around 2300 BCE, i.e., during the Early Minoan period.
Remains from the Middle Minoan period, dating from around 2000-1600 BCE, survive to this day. A palace was built towards the end of this period.
The entire settlement, like other Minoan centers on Crete, was destroyed in 1450 BCE. Fifty years later, a period of "repopulation" occurred by the Achaeans from Mycenae, who conquered the entire island. The settlement was finally abandoned around 1200 BC.
Monuments of Gourni
Like other Minoan palaces, the city was not fortified.
The buildings were divided by two main streets intersecting at right angles. Due to the high terrain, they often had steps to level the ground. The streets were connected to the sewage system.
Seven two-story buildings have been excavated, the largest of which measures 5×5 meters. The houses were usually grouped together, connected by a common external wall. The upper floor, where the residence was located, was accessed by external stairs. Storage and workshop spaces on the ground floor, as well as cellars accessed by wooden stairs, remain preserved to this day. The walls of the lower part of the building were stone, while the upper floor was constructed of unfinished brick.
Minoan Life in Gournia
Gournia offers a glimpse into the daily lives of the Minoans. Archaeological research and discoveries have confirmed that the inhabitants engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, pottery, and weaving.
Luxury vessels such as engravings and ceremonial vessels have also been discovered.
The palace, which was the seat of the local ruler, was located at the top of a hill.
It was the central point of the settlement. A marketplace was likely located here as well.
On the south side of the palace, on an L-shaped staircase, residents sat to observe religious ceremonies.
Behind the staircase, a small room was discovered, where bull sacrifices and other offerings to the deities were likely made.
The interior of the palace is not well preserved. It is known that the ground floor contained numerous official offices and storage rooms. The upper floor contained spacious chambers. The central hall of the palace was separated from the courtyard by a series of wooden columns alternating with rectangular stone pilasters. To the north of the palace stood a small sanctuary dedicated to the Minoan snake goddess. A stone alley led to it. The temple was small, measuring only 3×4 meters in plan.